Volume 64

In many ways, medicine represents an intersection of myriad disciplines, requiring practitioners to possess an extensive curriculum that stretches across the likes of biochemistry, pharmacology, psychology, and sociology. Altogether, a variety of knowledge ensures that physicians are able not only to treat patients for their immediate cause of visiting the clinic, but also to act

Although modern science has become synonymous with experimentation, many historical records reflect a different narrative. Prior to the 1600s, the dominant epistemology relied on ordinary observation and common sense. Aristotelians accepted ancient authority without proof, observed nature in its pure state, and inferred general axioms from specific observations through deductive reasoning. However, as science strayed